细胞自噬
细胞自噬是真核生物中进化保守的对细胞内物质进行周转的重要过程。该过程中一些损坏的蛋白或细胞器被双层膜结构的自噬小泡包裹后,送入溶酶体(动物)或液泡(酵母和植物)中进行降解并得以循环利用。细胞自噬过程是细胞成分降解和回收利用的基础。
自噬是一个受到严密调控的通路,具有重要的基本代谢功能调节作用,可使细胞通过分解代谢和再循环清除受损或有害成分,维持营养和能量的动态平衡。细胞自噬主要经历4个阶段:自噬的诱导激活,自噬体的形成,自噬体与溶酶体的融合,以及最终的自噬体降解。
自噬的诱导和激活
细胞在正常情况下很少发生自噬,当细胞外(营养成分短缺、缺氧缺血和生长因子诱导)和细胞内(代谢压力、细胞器老化、蛋白质错误折叠和 DNA 损伤)等因素影响了细胞时,自噬会被诱导发生。其中,主要有 5 条信号通路与自噬相关:Erk1/2通路,PL3K通路,AMPK通路,氨基酸饥饿通路和p53通路。
自噬体的形成
在ATP酶的催化下E1样酶的Atg7通过结合到Atg12羟基端甘氨酸残基进而活化Atg12,再通过E2样酶的Atg10使Atg12移动至Atg5构成复合物,然后复合物再与Atg16结合,从而形成了 Atg5-Atg12-Atg16的复合物,并结合到前自噬体上,促进自噬体吞噬泡的扩展,从而当LC3前体形成后,再通过Atg4加工成细胞浆可溶性的LC3-l型,之后LC3-l在Atg7和E2样酶的Atg3催化下,与磷脂酰乙醇(PE)结合成为脂溶性LC3-ll-PE,最终形成完整的自噬体。
自噬体与溶酶体的融合
自噬体与溶酶体的融合是细胞发挥自噬功能、对细胞内多余物质进行降解和再度利用的关键。其中,Rab7是自噬体和溶酶体融合的重要分子。
靶标 |
产品货号 |
产品名称 |
反应种属 |
应用 |
mTOR |
db7351 |
Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse |
WB,IHC |
db11887 |
Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse |
WB,IHC |
db2436 |
Phospho-mTOR (Ser2481) Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB |
db8578 |
mTOR Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB |
db2001 |
mTOR Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,IP |
LC3 |
db6313 |
LC3A/B (3E9) Mouse mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB |
db6327 |
LC3A/B Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey |
WB |
SQSTM1/p62 |
db2694 |
SQSTM1 Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db11243 |
SQSTM1 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db22928 |
SQSTM1/p62 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db2534 |
SQSTM1/p62 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,ICC/IF,FC |
db12584 |
SQSTM1/p62 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
Beclin 1 |
db2453 |
Beclin 1 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,ICC/IF,IP |
db3183 |
Beclin 1 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,FC,IP |
db13401 |
Beclin 1 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,ICC/IF,IP |
db6143 |
Beclin 1 (4F4) Mouse mAb |
Human |
WB |
Bcl2 |
db8928 |
Phospho-Bcl-2 (Ser70) Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db176 |
Bcl-2 Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db2374 |
Bcl-2 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
db12049 |
Bcl-2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db11929 |
Bcl2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
ATG3 |
db21093 |
ATG3 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
db11469 |
ATG3 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
ATG5 |
db3998 |
APG5L/ATG5 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP |
db2585 |
APG5L/ATG5 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
db13177 |
APG5L/ATG5 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP |
ATG7 |
db9934 |
ATG7 Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db11414 |
ATG7 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db6594 |
ATG7 (1F8) Mouse mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
IHC-P |
ATG16L1 |
db9350 |
Phospho-ATG16L1 (Ser278) Rabbit pAb |
Mouse |
WB |
db3756 |
ATG16L1 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC |
db13865 |
ATG16L1 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC |
RAB7 |
db5120 |
RAB7 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
db3262 |
RAB7 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
db12231 |
RAB7 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
db11619 |
Rab7 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
LAMP1 |
db4391 |
LAMP1 Rabbit pAb |
Mouse |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
db9813 |
LAMP1 Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,IHC |
db11271 |
LAMP1 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human |
WB,IHC |
LAMP2 |
db20520 |
LAMP2 Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,IHC |
db9812 |
LAMP2 Rabbit pAb |
Human |
WB,IHC |
db12038 |
LAMP2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human |
WB,IHC |
db12870 |
LAMP2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human |
WB,IHC |
db8262 |
LAMP2A Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,FC,IP |
db14575 |
LAMP2A Recombinant Rabbit mAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,FC,IP |
VAMP8 |
db3473 |
VAMP8 Rabbit pAb |
Human,Mouse,Rat |
WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |