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神经退行性疾病——阿尔兹海默症

发布时间:2023-05-18 09:34:00

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种起病隐匿的进行性发展的神经退行性疾病。临床上以记忆障碍、失语、失用、失认、视空间技能损害、执行功能障碍以及人格和行为改变等全面性痴呆表现为特征,病因迄今未明。65岁以前发病者,称早老性痴呆;65岁以后发病者称老年性痴呆。

阿尔兹海默症是老年期痴呆最常见的一种类型,患者思维、记忆和独立性会因此受损,影响生活质量以及死亡。阿尔兹海默病的治疗难点在于其发病机制并未完全清晰。目前,比较公认的机制是认为β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β,Aβ)的生成和清除失衡是神经元变性和痴呆发生的始动因素,异常水平的β-淀粉样蛋白在大脑神经元之间形成的斑块具有神经毒性,导致神经元变性。

该病可能是一组异质性疾病,在多种因素(包括生物和社会心理因素)的作用下才发病。从研究来看,该病的可能因素和假说多达30余种,如家族史、女性、头部外伤、低教育水平、甲状腺病、母育龄过高或过低、病毒感染等。下列因素与该病发病有关:

1.家族史

绝大部分的流行病学研究都提示,家族史是该病的危险因素。某些患者的家属成员中患同样疾病者高于一般人群,此外还发现先天愚型患病危险性增加。进一步的遗传学研究证实,该病可能是常染色体显性基因所致。最近通过基因定位研究,发现脑内淀粉样蛋白的病理基因位于第21对染色体。可见痴呆与遗传有关是比较肯定的。

2.一些躯体疾病

如甲状腺疾病、免疫系统疾病、癫痫等,曾被作为该病的危险因素研究。有甲状腺功能减退史者,患该病的相对危险度高。该病发病前有癫痫发作史较多。偏头痛或严重头痛史与该病无关。不少研究发现抑郁症史,特别是老年期抑郁症史是该病的危险因素。最近的一项病例对照研究认为,除抑郁症外,其他功能性精神障碍如精神分裂症和偏执性精神病也有关。

3.头部外伤

头部外伤指伴有意识障碍的头部外伤,脑外伤作为该病危险因素已有较多报道。临床和流行病学研究提示严重脑外伤可能是某些该病的病因之一。

4.其他

免疫系统的进行性衰竭、机体解毒功能削弱及慢病毒感染等,以及丧偶、独居、经济困难、生活颠簸等社会心理因素可成为发病诱因。

 

根据认知能力和身体机能的恶化程度分成三个阶段:

第一阶段(第1—3年)为早期痴呆

表现为记忆力减退,判断能力下降,不能分析思考,难以处理复杂的问题,难以区分距离和颜色,情感淡漠,社交困难,对时间和空间判断出现障碍,焦虑情绪增加。

第二阶段(第2—10年)为中期痴呆

表现为记忆严重受损,语言困难;不能独立进行室外活动,在穿衣、个人卫生等方面均需要帮助;

无法学习新任务或者应对意外情况,不能控制自己,比如在不合适的地点脱衣、或使用粗俗语言,行为恶化,比如烦躁、流泪、经常走动不停,在傍晚尤其严重。

第三阶段(第8—12年)为晚期痴呆

病人已经完全依赖看护者,记忆力严重丧失,无法沟通,认识亲人,日常生活不能自理,大小便失禁,经常睡觉,并发出呻吟和咕噜声,最终昏迷,一般死于感染等并发症。

偶尔丧失记忆,是正常衰老的表现。但是,如果还伴随其他的症状,比如,语言能力大幅减退、记忆大量缺失或错误,最好还是去医院检查一下。

 

靶标 产品货号 产品名称 反应种属 应用
AKT db1672 AKT1 Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP
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db12479 AKT1/2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP
db15890 AKT1/2 Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC
db6565 AKT1/2/3 (2A1) Mouse mAb Human,Rat,Mouse IHC-P
db6344 AKT1/2/3 Mouse mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db5728 AKT1/2/3 Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP
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db15734 AKT1/2/3 Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP
db1782 AKT1/3 Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
db12536 AKT1/3 Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
db20221 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser124) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db12718 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser124) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db8405 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser129) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB
db13907 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser129) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB
db3626 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF
db1727 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF
db14851 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF
db11197 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF
db3030 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473)/AKT2 (Ser474)/AKT3 (Ser472) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP
db13991 Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473)/AKT2 (Ser474)/AKT3 (Ser472) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP
db20482 Phospho-AKT1 (Thr450) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,IP
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db12590 ADAM10 Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
APP db7700 Amyloid Precursor Protein Rabbit pAb Human WB,IP
db5393 Amyloid Precursor Protein Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC
db861 Amyloid Precursor Protein Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP
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db12240 Amyloid Precursor Protein Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB,IP
db11190 Amyloid Precursor Protein Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC
db21719 Phospho-Amyloid Precursor Protein (Thr743) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP
db14545 Phospho-Amyloid Precursor Protein (Thr743) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP
beta-secretase db5657 BACE1 Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db5038 BACE1 Rabbit pAb Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,IP
db22537 BACE2 Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
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db11332 GSK3 alpha/beta Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP
db6073 GSK3 beta (2E6) Mouse mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP,FC
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db6550 GSK3 beta (9B1) Mouse mAb Human,Rat,Mouse WB,IHC-P
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db11446 Phospho-PKC alpha (Ser657) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC
db11122 Phospho-PKC alpha (Thr638) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
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db11940 Tau Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse WB,IHC,IP
db2089 Phospho-Tau (Ser198) Rabbit pAb Human WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
db13889 Phospho-Tau (Ser198) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
db1775 Phospho-Tau (Ser199) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db14057 Phospho-Tau (Ser199) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db1765 Phospho-Tau (Ser202) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db13380 Phospho-Tau (Ser202) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IP
db3310 Phospho-Tau (Ser202/Thr205) Rabbit pAb Human WB,IP
db12694 Phospho-Tau (Ser202/Thr205) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB,IP
db2191 Phospho-Tau (Ser214) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC
db14026 Phospho-Tau (Ser214) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC
db3402 Phospho-Tau (Ser235) Rabbit pAb Human WB
db12291 Phospho-Tau (Ser235) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB
db2800 Phospho-Tau (Ser262) Rabbit pAb Human WB
db14000 Phospho-Tau (Ser262) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB
db2583 Phospho-Tau (Ser324) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP
db14007 Phospho-Tau (Ser324) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,ICC/IF,IP
db7139 Phospho-Tau (Ser356) Rabbit pAb Human WB
db13915 Phospho-Tau (Ser356) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB
db1868 Phospho-Tau (Ser396) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC
db12335 Phospho-Tau (Ser396) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,IP
db14042 Phospho-Tau (Ser396) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC
db4299 Phospho-Tau (Ser404) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF
db14009 Phospho-Tau (Ser404) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,ICC/IF
db3163 Phospho-Tau (Ser422) Rabbit pAb Human WB
db13984 Phospho-Tau (Ser422) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB
db5324 Phospho-Tau (Ser610) Rabbit pAb Human WB
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db5219 Phospho-Tau (Thr181) Rabbit pAb Human WB,IP
db13902 Phospho-Tau (Thr181) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB,IP
db3401 Phospho-Tau (Thr205) Rabbit pAb Human WB
db14247 Phospho-Tau (Thr205) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB
db1700 Phospho-Tau (Thr231) Rabbit pAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,IP
db14071 Phospho-Tau (Thr231) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human,Mouse,Rat WB,IHC,IP
db2498 Phospho-Tau (Thr50) Rabbit pAb Human WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP
db13981 Phospho-Tau (Thr50) Recombinant Rabbit mAb Human WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP

 

 

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